How do I take good lecture notes?

1. Review any assignments or readings before class.  It will make it easier to understand which information is important and which is not.
2. Don’t write down everything that you see or hear.  Focus on the important information.
3. Use keywords or very short sentences.
4. Be accurate.  Use your own words, but be careful not to change the speaker’s meaning.
5. Think before you take notes. Consider how and why you will use this information to study later.
6. Have a consistent system of symbols and abbreviations.  Leave lots of white space on the page for future thoughts and new understanding.
7. Don’t worry about missing a point here or there.  No one can write down everything.
8. Leave time after class to fill in any clarification or elaboration.  You will forget quickly, so do this right away.

How do I know what to write down?

Instructors usually give clues as to what is important to write down.  Some clues are:

1. Material written on the board
2. Repetition
3. Emphasis (tone of voice or length of time)
4. Reviews given at the start of class
5. Summaries given at the end of class
6. Word signals (therefore, there are two sides to the debate, etc.)

What symbols could I use to simplify my notes?

How do I write good annotations when I read?

1. Think of these notes as a personal response to the author’s ideas.
2. Develop a system of highlighting and annotations — and stick to it!
3. Be selective.  Look for ideas or concepts that will help you accomplish the assignment.

How do I know what is important?

1. Important points to which you react (emotionally or intellectually)
2. Places where you need further information
3. Places where the author reveals his or her reasons for writing
4. Ideas you disagree or agree with
5. Inconsistencies or fallacies

Kaylan | 2016 

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.

Getting Started

1. Read the assignment carefully as soon as you get it.
2. Ask your professor about anything that you don’t understand.
3. Make a concrete plan for how you are going to complete the assignment (see a tutor if you want help with this).

Assignment Format

The assignment’s parts may not appear in exactly this order, and each part may be very long or very short. Nonetheless, being aware of this standard pattern can help you understand what your professor wants you to do.

The Overview

The instructor might set the stage with some general discussion of the subject of the assignment, introduce the topic, or remind you of something pertinent that you have discussed in class.

The Task

Pay attention; this part tells you what to do when you write the paper. Look for the key verb or verbs in the sentence. Words like analyze, summarize, or compare direct you to think about your topic in a certain way. Also pay attention to words such as how, what,when, where, and why; these words specify tasks.

The Thought Process

Here you will find some questions to use as springboards as you begin to think about the topic. Instructors usually include these questions as suggestions rather than requirements. Do not feel compelled to answer every question unless the instructor asks you to do so. Pay attention to the order of the questions. Sometimes they suggest the thinking process your instructor imagines you will need to follow to begin thinking about the topic.

Style Tips

These are the instructor’s comments about writing expectations such as “be concise” or “argue furiously.”

Technical Details

These instructions usually indicate format rules or guidelines such as “12-point font” or “double-spaced.”

Try to look at the question from the point of view of the instructor. Recognize that your instructor has a reason for giving you this assignment and for giving it to you at a particular point in the semester. In every assignment, the instructor has a challenge for you. This challenge could be anything from demonstrating an ability to think clearly to demonstrating an ability to use the library. See the assignment not as a vague suggestion of what to do but as an opportunity to show that you can handle the course material as directed. Assignments give you more than a topic to discuss—they ask you to do something with the topic.

Questions for Interpreting the Assignment

Why did your instructor ask you to do this particular task?

Your instructor wants you to think about something in a particular way for a particular reason. Is it to gather research from a variety of outside sources and present a coherent picture? Is it to take material I have been learning in class and apply it to a new situation? Is it to prove a point one way or another? Key words from the assignment can help you figure this out. Look for key terms in the form of active verbs that tell you what to do.

Information Words: define, explain, illustrate, summarize, trace, research

Relation Words: compare, contrast, apply, cause, effect, relate

Interpretation Words: assess, prove, justify, evaluate, respond, support, synthesize, analyze, argue

Who is your audience?

Imagine someone smart enough to understand a clear, logical argument, but not someone who already knows exactly what is going on in your particular paper. Remember, even if the instructor knows everything there is to know about your paper topic, he or she still has to read your paper and assess your understanding. In other words, teach the material to your reader.

What kind of evidence do you need to support your ideas?

There are many kinds of evidence, and what type of evidence will work for your assignment can depend on several factors–the discipline, the parameters of the assignment, and your instructor’s preference. You are not just learning how to argue; you are learning how to argue with specific types of materials and ideas. Ask your instructor what counts as acceptable evidence.

What kind of writing style is acceptable?

No matter what field you are writing for or what facts you are including, if you do not write so that your reader can understand your main idea, you have wasted your time. So make clarity your main goal.

What are the absolute rules of the assignment?

The technical information you are given in an assignment always seems like the easy part. This section can also actually give you lots of little hints about approaching the task. For example, the page length tells you something important: The instructor thinks the size of the paper is appropriate to the assignment’s parameters. In plain English, your instructor is telling you how many pages it should take for you to answer the question as fully as you are expected to.

Vanessa Flora-Nakoski | This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.

To download this page as a PDF, click this link: Understanding the Assignment_PDF